Killdeer, ND planting calendar
- USDA zone
- 4a−30 to −25 °F
- Last frost
- May 21avg, 32°F
- First frost
- Sep 23avg, 32°F
- Growing season
- 124days
Killdeer, North Dakota is in USDA plant hardiness zone 4a. Its average last spring frost is around May 21 and the first fall frost around September 23, giving a growing season of about 124 days (NOAA 1991–2020 normals, 32°F, median). Start tender crops like tomatoes and peppers indoors weeks before the last frost and set them out afterward; sow hardy crops such as peas, spinach, and lettuce before it. The planner below turns those frost dates into a printable per-crop planting calendar.
Killdeer planting calendar
Each crop's windows are counted from Killdeer's average frost dates. hatched = start seeds indoors, solid green = plant out, teal = a fall sowing, and the terracotta dot marks the estimated first harvest. Ranges are extension-guide planning guidance, not guarantees.
- Start indoors
- Plant out
- Fall sowing
- First harvest
| Crop | Frost tolerance | Start indoors | Plant out | First harvest | Fall planting |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tomato | Tender | Mar 26 – Apr 9 | May 28 – Jun 4 | Jul 27 – Aug 16 | — |
| Pepper | Very tender | Mar 12 – Mar 26 | Jun 4 – Jun 11 | Aug 3 – Sep 2 | — |
| Cucumber | Tender | Apr 23 – Apr 30 | May 28 – Jun 4 | Jul 17 – Aug 6 | — |
| Summer squash / zucchini | Tender | — | May 28 – Jun 4 | Jul 12 – Jul 27 | — |
| Bush bean | Tender | — | May 28 – Jun 4 | Jul 17 – Jul 27 | Jul 25 – Aug 4 |
| Sweet corn | Tender | — | May 21 – Jun 4 | Jul 20 – Aug 19 | — |
| Basil | Very tender | Apr 9 – Apr 23 | May 28 – Jun 4 | Jun 27 – Jul 12 | — |
| Lettuce | Half-hardy | Apr 9 – Apr 23 | Apr 23 – May 7 | Jun 7 – Jun 22 | Jul 11 – Jul 26 |
| Pea | Hardy | — | Apr 9 – Apr 23 | Jun 3 – Jun 18 | Jul 1 – Jul 16 |
| Spinach | Hardy | — | Apr 9 – Apr 23 | May 19 – May 29 | Jul 21 – Jul 31 |
| Carrot | Half-hardy | — | Apr 30 – May 7 | Jun 29 – Jul 19 | Jun 21 – Jul 11 |
| Broccoli | Half-hardy | Mar 26 – Apr 9 | Apr 23 – May 7 | Jun 17 – Jul 7 | Jun 26 – Jul 16 |
Data: NOAA NCEI U.S. Climate Normals 1991–2020 (public domain) and USDA Plant Hardiness Zone Map 2023. Planting windows synthesized from U.S. Cooperative Extension guides.
Frost & freeze dates
From NOAA's 1991–2020 Climate Normals at station USC00324722. The median (p50) is the average date; the 90%-safe column is the date the freeze has passed in about 9 years out of 10 (p10 for spring, p90 for fall) — the conservative date to plant after or harvest before.
| Threshold | Last spring — avg | Last spring — 90%-safe | First fall — avg | First fall — 90%-safe | Season (days) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 36°F | Jun 1 | Jun 16 | Sep 13 | Sep 25 | 103 |
| 32°F (freeze) | May 21 | Jun 5 | Sep 23 | Oct 5 | 124 |
| 28°F | May 10 | May 24 | Oct 1 | Oct 14 | 143 |
| 24°F | Apr 30 | May 13 | Oct 11 | Oct 24 | 164 |
32°F is the standard "freeze" line that damages tender crops; lighter 36°F frost can nip the most cold-sensitive plants, while hardy crops shrug off light frost down toward 28°F. Use the threshold that matches what you are protecting.
Growing degree days
Growing degree days (GDD) accumulate warmth above a base temperature over the year — a better predictor of crop development than the calendar alone. Warm-season crops need a long, warm GDD total; a short, cool GDD total favors greens and brassicas.
| Model | °F·days | Used for |
|---|---|---|
| Base 50°F (warm-season) | 2,024 | standard warm-season base (tomato, corn, beans) |
| Base 40°F (cool-season) | 3,789 | cool-season crops (brassicas, greens) |
Hardiness zone 4a
Killdeer sits in USDA plant hardiness zone 4a on the 2023 map — meaning its average annual extreme minimum winter temperature is about −30 to −25 °F. That number tells you which perennials, shrubs, and trees reliably survive an average winter here; it does not set your planting dates, which come from the frost calendar above.
Explore more places in zone 4a, or see all USDA hardiness zones.
Frequently asked questions
- What USDA hardiness zone is Killdeer?
- Killdeer, North Dakota is in USDA plant hardiness zone 4a on the 2023 map (average annual extreme minimum temperature −30 to −25 °F) — from the USDA Plant Hardiness Zone Map 2023, matched to this location's ZIP. See the methodology page for sources.
- When is the last frost in Killdeer?
- The average (median) last spring frost at 32°F is around May 21, from NOAA's 1991–2020 climate normals at the nearest reporting station. Roughly one year in ten the last frost is as late as June 5, so wait until then before setting out frost-tender plants if you want to be safe.
- When is the first fall frost in Killdeer?
- The average first fall frost at 32°F is around September 23. That leaves a growing season of about 124 days between the average last spring and first fall frosts.
- When should I start tomatoes in Killdeer?
- Start tomato seeds indoors about Mar 26 – Apr 9 and transplant them outside about May 28 – Jun 4, once the danger of frost has passed. Estimated first harvest is around Jul 27 – Aug 16.
- How long is the growing season in Killdeer?
- About 124 days at the 32°F threshold (NOAA 1991–2020, median) — the span between the average last spring frost (~May 21) and the average first fall frost (~September 23). Cold-hardy crops extend usable time at both ends; frost-tender crops fit inside it.
Sources & method
Frost, freeze, growing-season, and growing-degree-day figures are NOAA NCEI U.S. Climate Normals 1991–2020 for station USC00324722 (Killdeer, 14.2 km away). The hardiness zone is the USDA Plant Hardiness Zone Map 2023, matched to this location's ZIP. Planting windows are computed by counting from the average last and first frost using per-crop offsets synthesized from U.S. Cooperative Extension guides — the full method and citations are on the methodology page.