St. Paul, MN 55107 planting calendar
- USDA zone
- 5a−20 to −15 °F
- Last frost
- Apr 24avg, 32°F
- First frost
- Oct 16avg, 32°F
- Growing season
- 174days
St. Paul, Minnesota is in USDA plant hardiness zone 5a. Its average last spring frost is around April 24 and the first fall frost around October 16, giving a growing season of about 174 days (NOAA 1991–2020 normals, 32°F, median). Start tender crops like tomatoes and peppers indoors weeks before the last frost and set them out afterward; sow hardy crops such as peas, spinach, and lettuce before it. The planner below turns those frost dates into a printable per-crop planting calendar.
St. Paul planting calendar
Each crop's windows are counted from St. Paul's average frost dates. hatched = start seeds indoors, solid green = plant out, teal = a fall sowing, and the terracotta dot marks the estimated first harvest. Ranges are extension-guide planning guidance, not guarantees.
- Start indoors
- Plant out
- Fall sowing
- First harvest
| Crop | Frost tolerance | Start indoors | Plant out | First harvest | Fall planting |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tomato | Tender | Feb 27 – Mar 13 | May 1 – May 8 | Jun 30 – Jul 20 | — |
| Pepper | Very tender | Feb 13 – Feb 27 | May 8 – May 15 | Jul 7 – Aug 6 | — |
| Cucumber | Tender | Mar 27 – Apr 3 | May 1 – May 8 | Jun 20 – Jul 10 | — |
| Summer squash / zucchini | Tender | — | May 1 – May 8 | Jun 15 – Jun 30 | — |
| Bush bean | Tender | — | May 1 – May 8 | Jun 20 – Jun 30 | Aug 17 – Aug 27 |
| Sweet corn | Tender | — | Apr 24 – May 8 | Jun 23 – Jul 23 | — |
| Basil | Very tender | Mar 13 – Mar 27 | May 1 – May 8 | May 31 – Jun 15 | — |
| Lettuce | Half-hardy | Mar 13 – Mar 27 | Mar 27 – Apr 10 | May 11 – May 26 | Aug 3 – Aug 18 |
| Pea | Hardy | — | Mar 13 – Mar 27 | May 7 – May 22 | Jul 24 – Aug 8 |
| Spinach | Hardy | — | Mar 13 – Mar 27 | Apr 22 – May 2 | Aug 13 – Aug 23 |
| Carrot | Half-hardy | — | Apr 3 – Apr 10 | Jun 2 – Jun 22 | Jul 14 – Aug 3 |
| Broccoli | Half-hardy | Feb 27 – Mar 13 | Mar 27 – Apr 10 | May 21 – Jun 10 | Jul 19 – Aug 8 |
Data: NOAA NCEI U.S. Climate Normals 1991–2020 (public domain) and USDA Plant Hardiness Zone Map 2023. Planting windows synthesized from U.S. Cooperative Extension guides.
Frost & freeze dates
From NOAA's 1991–2020 Climate Normals at station USW00014927. The median (p50) is the average date; the 90%-safe column is the date the freeze has passed in about 9 years out of 10 (p10 for spring, p90 for fall) — the conservative date to plant after or harvest before.
| Threshold | Last spring — avg | Last spring — 90%-safe | First fall — avg | First fall — 90%-safe | Season (days) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 36°F | May 4 | May 18 | Oct 5 | Oct 19 | 153 |
| 32°F (freeze) | Apr 24 | May 10 | Oct 16 | Oct 29 | 174 |
| 28°F | Apr 13 | Apr 28 | Oct 27 | Nov 8 | 194 |
| 24°F | Apr 4 | Apr 17 | Nov 4 | Nov 18 | 212 |
32°F is the standard "freeze" line that damages tender crops; lighter 36°F frost can nip the most cold-sensitive plants, while hardy crops shrug off light frost down toward 28°F. Use the threshold that matches what you are protecting.
Growing degree days
Growing degree days (GDD) accumulate warmth above a base temperature over the year — a better predictor of crop development than the calendar alone. Warm-season crops need a long, warm GDD total; a short, cool GDD total favors greens and brassicas.
| Model | °F·days | Used for |
|---|---|---|
| Base 50°F (warm-season) | 2,831 | standard warm-season base (tomato, corn, beans) |
| Base 40°F (cool-season) | 4,821 | cool-season crops (brassicas, greens) |
Hardiness zone 5a
St. Paul sits in USDA plant hardiness zone 5a on the 2023 map — meaning its average annual extreme minimum winter temperature is about −20 to −15 °F. That number tells you which perennials, shrubs, and trees reliably survive an average winter here; it does not set your planting dates, which come from the frost calendar above.
Explore more places in zone 5a, or see all USDA hardiness zones.
Frequently asked questions
- What USDA hardiness zone is St. Paul?
- St. Paul, Minnesota is in USDA plant hardiness zone 5a on the 2023 map (average annual extreme minimum temperature −20 to −15 °F) — from the USDA Plant Hardiness Zone Map 2023, matched to this location's ZIP. See the methodology page for sources.
- When is the last frost in St. Paul?
- The average (median) last spring frost at 32°F is around April 24, from NOAA's 1991–2020 climate normals at the nearest reporting station. Roughly one year in ten the last frost is as late as May 10, so wait until then before setting out frost-tender plants if you want to be safe.
- When is the first fall frost in St. Paul?
- The average first fall frost at 32°F is around October 16. That leaves a growing season of about 174 days between the average last spring and first fall frosts.
- When should I start tomatoes in St. Paul?
- Start tomato seeds indoors about Feb 27 – Mar 13 and transplant them outside about May 1 – May 8, once the danger of frost has passed. Estimated first harvest is around Jun 30 – Jul 20.
- How long is the growing season in St. Paul?
- About 174 days at the 32°F threshold (NOAA 1991–2020, median) — the span between the average last spring frost (~April 24) and the average first fall frost (~October 16). Cold-hardy crops extend usable time at both ends; frost-tender crops fit inside it.
Sources & method
Frost, freeze, growing-season, and growing-degree-day figures are NOAA NCEI U.S. Climate Normals 1991–2020 for station USW00014927 (St Paul Downtown Ap, 1.9 km away). The hardiness zone is the USDA Plant Hardiness Zone Map 2023, matched to this location's ZIP. Planting windows are computed by counting from the average last and first frost using per-crop offsets synthesized from U.S. Cooperative Extension guides — the full method and citations are on the methodology page.