Sheffield, VT planting calendar
- USDA zone
- 4b−25 to −20 °F
- Last frost
- May 9avg, 32°F
- First frost
- Oct 1avg, 32°F
- Growing season
- 143days
Sheffield, Vermont is in USDA plant hardiness zone 4b. Its average last spring frost is around May 9 and the first fall frost around October 1, giving a growing season of about 143 days (NOAA 1991–2020 normals, 32°F, median). Start tender crops like tomatoes and peppers indoors weeks before the last frost and set them out afterward; sow hardy crops such as peas, spinach, and lettuce before it. The planner below turns those frost dates into a printable per-crop planting calendar.
Sheffield planting calendar
Each crop's windows are counted from Sheffield's average frost dates. hatched = start seeds indoors, solid green = plant out, teal = a fall sowing, and the terracotta dot marks the estimated first harvest. Ranges are extension-guide planning guidance, not guarantees.
- Start indoors
- Plant out
- Fall sowing
- First harvest
| Crop | Frost tolerance | Start indoors | Plant out | First harvest | Fall planting |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tomato | Tender | Mar 14 – Mar 28 | May 16 – May 23 | Jul 15 – Aug 4 | — |
| Pepper | Very tender | Feb 28 – Mar 14 | May 23 – May 30 | Jul 22 – Aug 21 | — |
| Cucumber | Tender | Apr 11 – Apr 18 | May 16 – May 23 | Jul 5 – Jul 25 | — |
| Summer squash / zucchini | Tender | — | May 16 – May 23 | Jun 30 – Jul 15 | — |
| Bush bean | Tender | — | May 16 – May 23 | Jul 5 – Jul 15 | Aug 2 – Aug 12 |
| Sweet corn | Tender | — | May 9 – May 23 | Jul 8 – Aug 7 | — |
| Basil | Very tender | Mar 28 – Apr 11 | May 16 – May 23 | Jun 15 – Jun 30 | — |
| Lettuce | Half-hardy | Mar 28 – Apr 11 | Apr 11 – Apr 25 | May 26 – Jun 10 | Jul 19 – Aug 3 |
| Pea | Hardy | — | Mar 28 – Apr 11 | May 22 – Jun 6 | Jul 9 – Jul 24 |
| Spinach | Hardy | — | Mar 28 – Apr 11 | May 7 – May 17 | Jul 29 – Aug 8 |
| Carrot | Half-hardy | — | Apr 18 – Apr 25 | Jun 17 – Jul 7 | Jun 29 – Jul 19 |
| Broccoli | Half-hardy | Mar 14 – Mar 28 | Apr 11 – Apr 25 | Jun 5 – Jun 25 | Jul 4 – Jul 24 |
Data: NOAA NCEI U.S. Climate Normals 1991–2020 (public domain) and USDA Plant Hardiness Zone Map 2023. Planting windows synthesized from U.S. Cooperative Extension guides.
Frost & freeze dates
From NOAA's 1991–2020 Climate Normals at station USC00438169. The median (p50) is the average date; the 90%-safe column is the date the freeze has passed in about 9 years out of 10 (p10 for spring, p90 for fall) — the conservative date to plant after or harvest before.
| Threshold | Last spring — avg | Last spring — 90%-safe | First fall — avg | First fall — 90%-safe | Season (days) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 36°F | May 24 | Jun 7 | Sep 21 | Oct 3 | 119 |
| 32°F (freeze) | May 9 | May 25 | Oct 1 | Oct 14 | 143 |
| 28°F | Apr 28 | May 11 | Oct 13 | Oct 28 | 166 |
| 24°F | Apr 17 | Apr 27 | Oct 25 | Nov 8 | 189 |
32°F is the standard "freeze" line that damages tender crops; lighter 36°F frost can nip the most cold-sensitive plants, while hardy crops shrug off light frost down toward 28°F. Use the threshold that matches what you are protecting.
Growing degree days
Growing degree days (GDD) accumulate warmth above a base temperature over the year — a better predictor of crop development than the calendar alone. Warm-season crops need a long, warm GDD total; a short, cool GDD total favors greens and brassicas.
| Model | °F·days | Used for |
|---|---|---|
| Base 50°F (warm-season) | 1,719 | standard warm-season base (tomato, corn, beans) |
| Base 40°F (cool-season) | 3,430 | cool-season crops (brassicas, greens) |
Hardiness zone 4b
Sheffield sits in USDA plant hardiness zone 4b on the 2023 map — meaning its average annual extreme minimum winter temperature is about −25 to −20 °F. That number tells you which perennials, shrubs, and trees reliably survive an average winter here; it does not set your planting dates, which come from the frost calendar above.
Explore more places in zone 4b, or see all USDA hardiness zones.
Frequently asked questions
- What USDA hardiness zone is Sheffield?
- Sheffield, Vermont is in USDA plant hardiness zone 4b on the 2023 map (average annual extreme minimum temperature −25 to −20 °F) — from the USDA Plant Hardiness Zone Map 2023, matched to this location's ZIP. See the methodology page for sources.
- When is the last frost in Sheffield?
- The average (median) last spring frost at 32°F is around May 9, from NOAA's 1991–2020 climate normals at the nearest reporting station. Roughly one year in ten the last frost is as late as May 25, so wait until then before setting out frost-tender plants if you want to be safe.
- When is the first fall frost in Sheffield?
- The average first fall frost at 32°F is around October 1. That leaves a growing season of about 143 days between the average last spring and first fall frosts.
- When should I start tomatoes in Sheffield?
- Start tomato seeds indoors about Mar 14 – Mar 28 and transplant them outside about May 16 – May 23, once the danger of frost has passed. Estimated first harvest is around Jul 15 – Aug 4.
- How long is the growing season in Sheffield?
- About 143 days at the 32°F threshold (NOAA 1991–2020, median) — the span between the average last spring frost (~May 9) and the average first fall frost (~October 1). Cold-hardy crops extend usable time at both ends; frost-tender crops fit inside it.
Sources & method
Frost, freeze, growing-season, and growing-degree-day figures are NOAA NCEI U.S. Climate Normals 1991–2020 for station USC00438169 (Sutton, 5.9 km away). The hardiness zone is the USDA Plant Hardiness Zone Map 2023, matched to this location's ZIP. Planting windows are computed by counting from the average last and first frost using per-crop offsets synthesized from U.S. Cooperative Extension guides — the full method and citations are on the methodology page.