Houston, TX 77407 planting calendar
- USDA zone
- 9b25 to 30 °F
- Last frost
- Feb 2avg, 32°F
- First frost
- Dec 11avg, 32°F
- Growing season
- 318days
Houston, Texas is in USDA plant hardiness zone 9b. Its average last spring frost is around February 2 and the first fall frost around December 11, giving a growing season of about 318 days (NOAA 1991–2020 normals, 32°F, median). Start tender crops like tomatoes and peppers indoors weeks before the last frost and set them out afterward; sow hardy crops such as peas, spinach, and lettuce before it. The planner below turns those frost dates into a printable per-crop planting calendar.
Houston planting calendar
Each crop's windows are counted from Houston's average frost dates. hatched = start seeds indoors, solid green = plant out, teal = a fall sowing, and the terracotta dot marks the estimated first harvest. Ranges are extension-guide planning guidance, not guarantees.
- Start indoors
- Plant out
- Fall sowing
- First harvest
| Crop | Frost tolerance | Start indoors | Plant out | First harvest | Fall planting |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tomato | Tender | Jan 1 | Feb 9 – Feb 16 | Apr 10 – Apr 30 | — |
| Pepper | Very tender | Jan 1 | Feb 16 – Feb 23 | Apr 17 – May 17 | — |
| Cucumber | Tender | Jan 5 – Jan 12 | Feb 9 – Feb 16 | Mar 31 – Apr 20 | — |
| Summer squash / zucchini | Tender | — | Feb 9 – Feb 16 | Mar 26 – Apr 10 | — |
| Bush bean | Tender | — | Feb 9 – Feb 16 | Mar 31 – Apr 10 | Oct 12 – Oct 22 |
| Sweet corn | Tender | — | Feb 2 – Feb 16 | Apr 3 – May 3 | — |
| Basil | Very tender | Jan 1 – Jan 5 | Feb 9 – Feb 16 | Mar 11 – Mar 26 | — |
| Lettuce | Half-hardy | Jan 1 – Jan 5 | Jan 5 – Jan 19 | Feb 19 – Mar 6 | Sep 28 – Oct 13 |
| Pea | Hardy | — | Jan 1 – Jan 5 | Feb 25 – Mar 12 | Sep 18 – Oct 3 |
| Spinach | Hardy | — | Jan 1 – Jan 5 | Feb 10 – Feb 20 | Oct 8 – Oct 18 |
| Carrot | Half-hardy | — | Jan 12 – Jan 19 | Mar 13 – Apr 2 | Sep 8 – Sep 28 |
| Broccoli | Half-hardy | Jan 1 | Jan 5 – Jan 19 | Mar 1 – Mar 21 | Sep 13 – Oct 3 |
Data: NOAA NCEI U.S. Climate Normals 1991–2020 (public domain) and USDA Plant Hardiness Zone Map 2023. Planting windows synthesized from U.S. Cooperative Extension guides.
Frost & freeze dates
From NOAA's 1991–2020 Climate Normals at station USW00012977. The median (p50) is the average date; the 90%-safe column is the date the freeze has passed in about 9 years out of 10 (p10 for spring, p90 for fall) — the conservative date to plant after or harvest before.
| Threshold | Last spring — avg | Last spring — 90%-safe | First fall — avg | First fall — 90%-safe | Season (days) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 36°F | Feb 26 | Mar 21 | Nov 27 | Dec 24 | 277 |
| 32°F (freeze) | Feb 2 | Mar 7 | Dec 11 | Jan 16 | 318 |
| 28°F | Jan 18 | Feb 23 | Jan 1 | Feb 2 | 356 |
| 24°F | Jan 9 | Feb 18 | Jan 7 | Feb 8 | 365 |
32°F is the standard "freeze" line that damages tender crops; lighter 36°F frost can nip the most cold-sensitive plants, while hardy crops shrug off light frost down toward 28°F. Use the threshold that matches what you are protecting.
Growing degree days
Growing degree days (GDD) accumulate warmth above a base temperature over the year — a better predictor of crop development than the calendar alone. Warm-season crops need a long, warm GDD total; a short, cool GDD total favors greens and brassicas.
| Model | °F·days | Used for |
|---|---|---|
| Base 50°F (warm-season) | 7,845 | standard warm-season base (tomato, corn, beans) |
| Base 40°F (cool-season) | 11,372 | cool-season crops (brassicas, greens) |
Hardiness zone 9b
Houston sits in USDA plant hardiness zone 9b on the 2023 map — meaning its average annual extreme minimum winter temperature is about 25 to 30 °F. That number tells you which perennials, shrubs, and trees reliably survive an average winter here; it does not set your planting dates, which come from the frost calendar above.
Explore more places in zone 9b, or see all USDA hardiness zones.
Frequently asked questions
- What USDA hardiness zone is Houston?
- Houston, Texas is in USDA plant hardiness zone 9b on the 2023 map (average annual extreme minimum temperature 25 to 30 °F) — from the USDA Plant Hardiness Zone Map 2023, matched to this location's ZIP. See the methodology page for sources.
- When is the last frost in Houston?
- The average (median) last spring frost at 32°F is around February 2, from NOAA's 1991–2020 climate normals at the nearest reporting station. Roughly one year in ten the last frost is as late as March 7, so wait until then before setting out frost-tender plants if you want to be safe.
- When is the first fall frost in Houston?
- The average first fall frost at 32°F is around December 11. That leaves a growing season of about 318 days between the average last spring and first fall frosts.
- When should I start tomatoes in Houston?
- Start tomato seeds indoors about Jan 1 and transplant them outside about Feb 9 – Feb 16, once the danger of frost has passed. Estimated first harvest is around Apr 10 – Apr 30.
- How long is the growing season in Houston?
- About 318 days at the 32°F threshold (NOAA 1991–2020, median) — the span between the average last spring frost (~February 2) and the average first fall frost (~December 11). Cold-hardy crops extend usable time at both ends; frost-tender crops fit inside it.
Sources & method
Frost, freeze, growing-season, and growing-degree-day figures are NOAA NCEI U.S. Climate Normals 1991–2020 for station USW00012977 (Houston Sugarland Mem, 7.3 km away). The hardiness zone is the USDA Plant Hardiness Zone Map 2023, matched to this location's ZIP. Planting windows are computed by counting from the average last and first frost using per-crop offsets synthesized from U.S. Cooperative Extension guides — the full method and citations are on the methodology page.